Use of Force and Self-Defence in Alberta: What Security Guards Need to Know
Last Updated on February 16, 2026
The recent Ontario home invasion case has reignited debate about self-defence in Canada. While the incident occurred in another province, the legal principles apply fully in Alberta.
For Alberta security guards, understanding how courts interpret use of force is critical.
Alberta Security Guards and the Criminal Code
Security guards in Alberta operate under:
While provincial legislation governs licensing, use of force authority comes from federal criminal law.
That means Sections 26, 34, and 35 apply equally in Edmonton, Calgary, Red Deer, and across the province.
Complete your Alberta Security Guard Course here.
Section 34: Self-Defence
Alberta guards may use force when:
- They reasonably believe force is being used or threatened
- They act for defensive purposes
- Their response is reasonable
Common Alberta environments include:
- Oil and gas sites
- Industrial facilities
- Retail loss prevention
- Event security
Each environment increases the importance of controlled decision-making.
Section 35: Defence of Property in Alberta Workplaces
Security guards are often authorized to protect:
- Construction sites
- Commercial buildings
- Equipment yards
- Retail merchandise
You may use reasonable force to prevent theft or trespass.
But remember:
Property protection does not justify excessive force.
If a subject disengages or flees, continuing force may cross into criminal liability.
Complete your Use of Force Training Course here.
Section 26: Excessive Force Risks
Alberta guards face significant risk if force continues after a threat has been neutralized.
Even if your initial intervention was justified, the law asks:
- Was the threat still active?
- Were safer options available?
- Was the level of force proportionate?
Charges can follow if the answer is no.
Professional Standard in Alberta
Because Alberta security professionals are trained and licensed, courts expect:
- Measured responses
- De-escalation attempts
- Clear articulation of threat perception
Use of force training is not about physical dominance — it’s about lawful control.
Final Thought for Alberta Guards
The law protects you when you act reasonably.
It does not protect impulsive or retaliatory action.
Understanding your legal authority is just as important as physical readiness.