The Important Role of a Security Guard in Alberta
Last Updated on May 30, 2025
Security guards play a crucial role in maintaining the safety of people, property, and assets throughout Alberta. Whether stationed in shopping malls, office towers, construction sites, or residential buildings, these professionals serve as the first line of defense in preventing crime and ensuring public safety.
With increased demand on law enforcement resources, the need for private security services continues to rise. In Alberta—as in many provinces—the number of private security personnel now exceeds that of police officers. This shift reflects a growing reliance on private security professionals to support overall public safety efforts.
Alberta’s Legal Framework for Security Guards
The private security industry in Alberta is regulated under the Security Services and Investigators Act (SSIA), administered by the Ministry of Public Safety and Emergency Services. This legislation outlines the legal requirements to work in the industry and defines the role of a licensed security professional.
To legally work as a security guard in Alberta, individuals must complete government-approved security guard training, pass a provincial exam, and apply for a valid security guard license through Alberta’s Solicitor General’s office.
In this post, we’ll break down the key responsibilities of a security guard, how the role compares to public policing, and the step-by-step process to become licensed in Alberta.
What Are the Duties of a Security Guard?
At the core of their role, security guards are responsible for protecting people and property. While job functions may vary by setting, the foundational responsibilities remain consistent across the industry:
- Observe: Patrol assigned areas and monitor surveillance systems to detect suspicious behavior, safety hazards, or security breaches.
- Deter: Serve as a visible deterrent to criminal activity simply by being present in uniform and following professional procedures.
- Record: Maintain detailed logs of incidents, patrols, and daily activities for documentation and follow-up.
- Report: Notify supervisors, clients, or emergency responders when an incident occurs, using clear and effective communication.
Security guards serve multiple stakeholders:
- Employers: Safeguard assets, monitor access, and follow established protocols to reduce risks to staff and infrastructure.
- The Public: Assist in crowd control, offer directions, and act swiftly in emergencies at events, shopping centres, and public spaces.
- Themselves: Operate with professionalism, integrity, and awareness of legal limitations, while prioritizing their own safety.
How Security Guards Differ from Police Officers
Security guards and police officers often work side by side, but they have distinct responsibilities and legal powers.
Police officers are public servants with broad authority to enforce laws, investigate crimes, and make arrests. They operate across municipal, provincial, and federal jurisdictions.
Security guards, on the other hand, are employed by private organizations to protect specific properties or people. While they do not have the same level of legal authority, they play a significant role in crime prevention, access control, and emergency response within their assigned area.
Security guards in Alberta are permitted to perform a citizen’s arrest only when they directly witness someone committing a crime. In such cases, they must immediately turn the individual over to police.
Despite legal limitations, security guards are often the first responders in an incident and are critical in stabilizing situations, gathering information, and cooperating with law enforcement.
Security Guards and Public Safety in Alberta
Security guards contribute significantly to crime deterrence and public safety in Alberta. Their consistent presence helps reduce theft, vandalism, and trespassing—especially in high-risk areas like retail stores, construction sites, and corporate environments.
In emergencies, trained guards are often the first to assess the situation, secure the area, and assist emergency personnel. Their familiarity with the site’s layout and protocols enables efficient and coordinated responses.
Security guards also play an important role in post-incident activities such as securing the scene, providing surveillance footage, and acting as witnesses in legal proceedings. Their documentation and professionalism are essential to supporting investigations and legal outcomes.
How to Get a Security Guard License in Alberta
To begin your career as a licensed security guard in Alberta, follow these essential steps:
- Complete Security Guard Training
Enroll in a government-approved security guard training program, often referred to as the Alberta Basic Security Training (ABST) course. This 40-hour course covers key topics including legal authorities, emergency response, patrol procedures, and communication skills. - Pass the Provincial Exam
Once training is complete, you must pass a multiple-choice provincial exam that tests your knowledge of the course material and readiness for the role. - Meet the Eligibility Criteria
To apply for a security guard license in Alberta, you must:- Be at least 18 years old
- Be legally entitled to work in Canada
- Have no serious criminal convictions
- Submit fingerprints for a background check
- Apply for Your Security Guard License
Submit your application through the Alberta.ca website or via an authorized registry agent. Your security guard license is valid for two years and must be renewed in accordance with provincial regulations.
Start Your Career in Alberta’s Growing Security Industry
With Alberta’s increasing demand for private security services, there has never been a better time to pursue a career in this field. By completing the required security guard training and obtaining your security guard license, you’ll gain access to a rewarding profession with opportunities for growth, stability, and service.
Whether you’re starting out or switching careers, a future in private security is within reach. Enroll in a certified security guard training course today and take the first step toward a secure and respected career path in Alberta.