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Non-Contact Apprehensions in Alberta: The New Standard for Retail Loss Prevention

by AGT Staff 0 Comments
Non-Contact Apprehensions in Alberta: The New Standard for Retail Loss Prevention

Retail theft continues to rise across Alberta, posing significant challenges for retailers and loss prevention professionals (LPPs). As theft techniques evolve, so do the strategies used to prevent them. One major shift in recent years is the growing adoption of non-contact apprehension policies—a hands-off approach increasingly becoming standard in Alberta’s retail security operations.

In this article, we explore the concept of non-contact apprehensions, why they are gaining momentum in Alberta, and the pros and cons of this emerging industry standard.

What Is a Non-Contact Apprehension?

A non-contact apprehension occurs when a loss prevention officer detains a suspected shoplifter using only verbal instructions, without any physical force or contact.

Instead of using handcuffs or attempting to restrain the individual physically, the LPP might say:
“You are under arrest for shoplifting. Please follow me to the security office to discuss the next steps.”

The LPP maintains a safe reactionary gap (6 feet or more), avoids threatening gestures, and relies on communication and cooperation to guide the suspect to the appropriate area for investigation.

Why Alberta Retailers Are Adopting Non-Contact Apprehension Policies

✅ 1. Improved Safety for Staff and Customers

Physical apprehensions come with significant risk. Injuries to staff, customers, and even suspects have occurred during hands-on arrests. A non-contact approach prioritizes safety, helping to reduce workplace incidents in Alberta’s retail environments.

✅ 2. Reduced Legal Liability

Under Canada’s Criminal Code (Section 494 and Section 25), LPPs and private citizens can make arrests using reasonable force. However, any use of excessive force can result in criminal charges or civil lawsuits—both for the individual and the retailer. Non-contact methods drastically lower this risk.

✅ 3. Protecting Public Image

In the era of smartphones and social media, any physical altercation can be recorded and posted online instantly. A recent example in Calgary involved a takedown by a security guard that sparked public backlash and a brand crisis. Regardless of legal justification, perception matters—especially in Alberta’s tightly-knit retail communities.

✅ 4. Training Gaps in the Security Industry

Many Alberta security guards and LPPs lack formal training in use-of-force techniques. Without proper certification and practice, physical arrests can become dangerous. Non-contact methods rely more on verbal de-escalation—skills that are easier to train and standardize.

How Non-Contact Apprehensions Work in Alberta Retail Environments

  1. Verbal Arrest Declaration
    • LPP identifies themselves and informs the suspect they are under arrest.
    • Example: “You are under arrest for theft. I need you to stay here and follow my instructions.”
  2. Clear Verbal Instructions
    • The suspect is guided to the security office or designated area.
    • They are informed of consequences for non-compliance, such as additional charges.
  3. Maintaining a Safe Distance
    • The LPP keeps a 6-foot reactionary gap to maintain safety and reduce escalation risk.
  4. Monitoring Behaviour
    • Watch for signs of agitation or intent to flee. Use de-escalation techniques to manage the situation.
  5. Waiting for Police
    • Secure the suspect in a safe area without physical restraint.
    • Do not block exits or engage if the suspect attempts to flee or becomes violent.

Challenges of Non-Contact Apprehensions

While this method offers many benefits, it also comes with limitations:

❌ Higher Risk of Suspect Escape

Without physical control, suspects can choose to flee. If offenders know they won’t be restrained, the deterrent effect may decrease.

❌ Limited Response to Aggression

If a suspect becomes combative, a non-contact approach may not be enough to manage the situation safely.

❌ Heavy Reliance on Communication Skills

Success depends entirely on the LPP’s verbal control, de-escalation ability, and situational awareness. This requires comprehensive training and ongoing support.

❌ Reduced Deterrence for Repeat Offenders

Experienced or professional shoplifters may see non-contact policies as a weakness, emboldening their behavior.

How Alberta Retailers Are Making It Work

✔ Enhanced LPP Training

Alberta retailers are investing in online and in-person training programs covering conflict resolution, tactical communication, and situational awareness.

✔ Advanced Surveillance Technology

Retailers are deploying AI-powered camera systems, facial recognition, and real-time monitoring to assist in theft detection and evidence collection.

✔ Police Partnerships

Retailers are building stronger relationships with local police departments in Alberta for quicker response times, shared intelligence, and joint prevention strategies.

Conclusion: Is Non-Contact Apprehension the Future of Loss Prevention in Alberta?

In the past, physical apprehensions were the norm—often effective, but risky. Today, Alberta’s retail sector is moving towards safer, more legally sound practices that prioritize staff safety and reduce liability.

While non-contact apprehensions come with certain drawbacks, they can be effective when paired with:

  • Strong communication skills
  • Clear policies and procedures
  • Ongoing LPP training
  • Modern surveillance technology

Looking for Loss Prevention Training in Alberta?

If you’re a loss prevention professional or security company in Alberta, explore our training programs on non-contact apprehension, use-of-force laws, conflict resolution, and more. Equip your team with the tools they need to safely and legally prevent retail theft.

When Crowd Control Turns Chaotic: What Security Guards Can Learn from the Kelowna Concert Incident

by AGT Staff
When Crowd Control Turns Chaotic: What Security Guards Can Learn from the Kelowna Concert Incident

Date: April 23, 2025
Location: Prospera Place, Kelowna, BC
Event: Bush Concert

What was supposed to be a night of music and entertainment quickly spiraled into a violent and chaotic scene. Multiple altercations between security personnel and intoxicated fans were captured by witnesses and widely reported by news outlets such as Global News and Oak Bay News.

Some attendees accused guards of using excessive force—alleging actions like slamming a woman face-first onto the ground. Others defended the guards, pointing out they were being scratched, punched, and even choked by aggressive concertgoers. Either way, the event revealed a common but dangerous challenge in the security world: how do you maintain order without crossing the line into excessive force?

Why This Matters for Security Professionals

Large events like concerts are high-risk environments. Crowds, alcohol, poor lighting, noise, and limited staffing create a perfect storm of tension. In those moments, decisions must be made quickly—but they must also be defensible, legal, and proportionate.

This post breaks down:

  • What “reasonable force” really means in Canada.
  • How to assess and respond to threats.
  • A 5-step decision-making framework for security guards.
  • Realistic scenarios to guide better practice.
  • How to protect yourself from legal and reputational harm.

What Is Excessive Force?

Excessive force is any use of physical control that exceeds what is reasonably necessary to handle a situation. Under the Criminal Code of Canada, several sections provide use-of-force authority to security personnel:

  • Section 25: Allows guards to use reasonable force in the execution of lawful duties.
  • Section 34: Covers self-defence.
  • Section 35: Covers defence of property.
  • Section 26: States that any unreasonable use of force can result in criminal liability.

These laws share one common thread: force must be reasonable, necessary, and proportionate.

A 5-Step Framework for Reasonable Use of Force

When situations escalate, use this structured process to assess and act appropriately:

1. Threat Assessment

Ask:

  • Is the person passively resisting, actively resisting, or assaultive?
  • Are they a threat to themselves, others, or property?
  • Are there signs of intoxication, mental health issues, or drug use?

Example:
A fan is violently shoving others near the stage and refusing to comply. This is assaultive behavior and may require physical intervention.

2. Attempt De-Escalation

Always try verbal options first, unless immediate risk requires physical control.

  • Use calm but firm language.
  • Offer clear choices (e.g., “You can stay if you calm down, or you’ll be escorted out”).
  • Allow the person space to comply while maintaining observation.

Example:
A shouting fan can be asked to step aside and given a chance to cool down before being removed.

3. Use Minimal Force Necessary

Choose the least intrusive option that achieves control.

  • Escort holds: For passive resistance.
  • Soft control techniques: For moderate resistance.
  • Hard control or takedowns: Only for high-risk or violent resistance.

Example:
If a fan refuses to leave but is not fighting, an escort hold is appropriate—not a takedown.

4. Reassess Continuously

Force decisions must evolve with the subject’s behaviour.

  • If aggression increases, guards may escalate appropriately.
  • If the subject de-escalates, so should the force level.

Example:
If a subject calms down during escort, reduce force to maintain professionalism and legality.

5. Document Thoroughly

Good reporting protects you.

  • What was the threat?
  • What alternatives were attempted?
  • What kind of force was used, and why?
  • Was it proportionate to the resistance?
  • How did the subject behave before, during, and after?

Poor or missing documentation can lead to liability—even if the force used was justified.

Realistic Event Scenarios: What Security Should Do

✅ Scenario A: Intoxicated, Disruptive Fan

Situation:
A drunk fan is pushing others, yelling, and ignoring verbal commands.

Good Approach:

  • Warn verbally: “Please stop pushing or you’ll be removed.”
  • If ignored, use escort holds with two guards.
  • If resistance escalates, apply transport holds or takedown (if necessary).

Bad Approach:

  • Skip de-escalation.
  • Use excessive force (e.g., slamming into barriers).
  • Shout or insult the fan.

✅ Scenario B: Physically Assaultive Fan

Situation:
A fan punches a guard and charges the stage.

Good Approach:

  • Use distraction strikes and takedown to regain control.
  • Apply handcuffs if trained and authorized.
  • Reduce force once threat is neutralized.

Bad Approach:

  • Engage in a fistfight out of retaliation.
  • Verbally threaten or insult the subject.
  • Continue using high force after control is achieved.

✅ Scenario C: Verbal Insults Only

Situation:
A fan yells profanities and insults but makes no threats.

Good Approach:

  • Stay calm and professional.
  • Use verbal techniques to de-escalate or ignore.
  • Focus on your job, not your ego.

Bad Approach:

  • Physically intervene without cause.
  • Respond with insults or threats.
  • Let anger override judgment.

Why Public Perception Matters More Than Ever

Every guard today works in front of an audience—with cameras.

  • Expect to be recorded.
  • You can’t control what gets posted.
  • A single viral video can damage your company’s brand and lead to criminal or civil litigation.

Even if force is legally justified, bad optics can destroy your reputation.

Pro Tip:
Always act like you’re being filmed—because you probably are.

Practical Tips for Security at Public Events

  • ✅ Know and apply the National Use of Force Framework.
  • ✅ Focus on de-escalation first.
  • ✅ Stay emotionally in control.
  • ✅ Operate as a team whenever possible.
  • ✅ Use clear, loud, simple verbal commands.
  • ✅ Preserve dignity—treat people with respect.
  • ✅ Write detailed, professional reports.

Final Thoughts

There is no perfect formula for how much force to use—it depends on the situation. But there is a right process for making decisions. When security guards are trained to assess threats, control their emotions, act proportionately, and document clearly, they protect themselves and the public.

The Kelowna incident is a reminder: training and professionalism aren’t optional. They’re the foundation of good judgment.

Looking to Improve Your Use of Force Skills?

Explore certified, professional training options at SecurityGuardCourse.ca and ensure your team is prepared to handle high-pressure situations lawfully and effectively.

References:

  • Femia, V. (2025, April 25). Fans allege security at Bush concert in Kelowna were using ‘excessive force’. Global News.
  • Cunningham, J. (2025, April 25). GSL Group ‘aware of recent incidents’ after alleged altercations at Kelowna concert. Oak Bay News.

Kinesics for Security Guards: Mastering Body Language for Safer Interactions

by AGT Staff
Kinesics for Security Guards: Mastering Body Language for Safer Interactions

Introduction to Kinesics in Security Work

Kinesics, the study of body language, plays a crucial role in how security guards communicate and influence the behavior of others. Whether it’s through facial expressions, posture, gestures, or movements, body language sends powerful signals—often louder than words.

In the world of security, especially in high-stress or confrontational situations, mastering kinesics can mean the difference between calming a situation or escalating it.

Why Kinesics Matters in Security Work

Security guards constantly interact with the public, often in emotionally charged environments. Your non-verbal cues can either defuse tension or make people feel threatened.

When used effectively, kinesics can:

  • ✅ Deter threats by projecting authority and confidence
  • ✅ Encourage cooperation by making others feel respected and safe
  • ✅ De-escalate tense situations by promoting calm behavior
  • ✅ Prevent misunderstandings before they turn into confrontations

However, poor body language—like clenched fists, crossed arms, or invading personal space—can have the opposite effect.

Real-World Scenario: When Kinesics Goes Wrong

Situation: A guard sees a customer acting suspiciously in a high-theft area. The guard rushes over, stands too close, crosses their arms, and glares at the customer.

Impact:

  • The customer feels threatened and judged
  • Defensive behavior kicks in
  • A peaceful situation may escalate into a confrontation

Unintended or negative kinesics can easily trigger fight, flight, or freeze responses.

Common Negative Kinesics to Avoid

Avoid these body language mistakes to prevent unnecessary escalation:

🚫 Standing too close
🚫 Crossing arms
🚫 Clenching fists
🚫 Pointing fingers
🚫 Jerky or sudden movements
🚫 Glaring or staring aggressively
🚫 Raising your voice unnecessarily

How Positive Kinesics Builds Trust and Cooperation

Positive body language helps people feel at ease and more likely to cooperate with you.

Example: A guard approaches a distressed customer while:

  • Maintaining a respectful distance (4–6 feet)
  • Using an open, neutral stance
  • Keeping hands visible and relaxed
  • Speaking calmly and making steady eye contact

Outcome:
The customer feels respected, safe, and more willing to cooperate.

Positive Kinesics to Practice Daily

✅ Relaxed posture: Projects confidence without arrogance
✅ Open hands: Communicates honesty and readiness to help
✅ Smooth, slow movements: Keeps others calm
✅ Neutral facial expressions (with appropriate smiles): Shows empathy
✅ Steady eye contact: Demonstrates engagement without intimidation

Supporting Non-Verbal Tools for De-Escalation

Proxemics (Your Use of Space)

  • Keep a safe buffer zone (~6 feet)
  • Avoid blocking someone’s path
  • Stand at an angle to reduce tension

Paraverbals (How You Speak)

  • Use a calm, steady tone
  • Adjust volume based on surroundings
  • Speak at a moderate pace to be clear and reassuring

Mirroring (Building Subtle Rapport)

  • Mirror someone’s posture slightly to build trust
  • Gradually shift to a more relaxed stance to encourage them to do the same

Quick Reference: Dos and Don’ts of Kinesics for Security Guards

✅ Do:

  • Use a neutral and confident posture (e.g., Interview Stance)
  • Keep hands visible and open
  • Move slowly and with purpose
  • Make steady, non-threatening eye contact
  • Speak calmly and respectfully
  • Maintain appropriate personal space

❌ Don’t:

  • Invade someone’s space
  • Cross your arms
  • Clench your fists
  • Point fingers
  • Make sudden or aggressive movements
  • Glare or raise your voice unnecessarily

Final Thoughts: Body Language is Your Silent Partner

In security work, how you’re perceived is just as important as what you say. Kinesics isn’t just a “soft skill”—it’s a vital tool in your communication arsenal. The ability to project calm, authority, and empathy through body language can defuse conflicts, gain cooperation, and increase safety for everyone involved.

By consciously applying positive kinesics techniques, security guards can confidently manage high-pressure situations with professionalism and control.

Want to master body language and other essential security skills?
👉 Visit SecurityGuardCourse.ca for expert-led training and certification programs.

The Important Role of a Security Guard in Alberta

by AGT Staff
The Important Role of a Security Guard in Alberta

Security guards play a crucial role in maintaining the safety of people, property, and assets throughout Alberta. Whether stationed in shopping malls, office towers, construction sites, or residential buildings, these professionals serve as the first line of defense in preventing crime and ensuring public safety.

With increased demand on law enforcement resources, the need for private security services continues to rise. In Alberta—as in many provinces—the number of private security personnel now exceeds that of police officers. This shift reflects a growing reliance on private security professionals to support overall public safety efforts.

Alberta’s Legal Framework for Security Guards

The private security industry in Alberta is regulated under the Security Services and Investigators Act (SSIA), administered by the Ministry of Public Safety and Emergency Services. This legislation outlines the legal requirements to work in the industry and defines the role of a licensed security professional.

To legally work as a security guard in Alberta, individuals must complete government-approved security guard training, pass a provincial exam, and apply for a valid security guard license through Alberta’s Solicitor General’s office.

In this post, we’ll break down the key responsibilities of a security guard, how the role compares to public policing, and the step-by-step process to become licensed in Alberta.

What Are the Duties of a Security Guard?

At the core of their role, security guards are responsible for protecting people and property. While job functions may vary by setting, the foundational responsibilities remain consistent across the industry:

  • Observe: Patrol assigned areas and monitor surveillance systems to detect suspicious behavior, safety hazards, or security breaches.
  • Deter: Serve as a visible deterrent to criminal activity simply by being present in uniform and following professional procedures.
  • Record: Maintain detailed logs of incidents, patrols, and daily activities for documentation and follow-up.
  • Report: Notify supervisors, clients, or emergency responders when an incident occurs, using clear and effective communication.

Security guards serve multiple stakeholders:

  • Employers: Safeguard assets, monitor access, and follow established protocols to reduce risks to staff and infrastructure.
  • The Public: Assist in crowd control, offer directions, and act swiftly in emergencies at events, shopping centres, and public spaces.
  • Themselves: Operate with professionalism, integrity, and awareness of legal limitations, while prioritizing their own safety.

How Security Guards Differ from Police Officers

Security guards and police officers often work side by side, but they have distinct responsibilities and legal powers.

Police officers are public servants with broad authority to enforce laws, investigate crimes, and make arrests. They operate across municipal, provincial, and federal jurisdictions.

Security guards, on the other hand, are employed by private organizations to protect specific properties or people. While they do not have the same level of legal authority, they play a significant role in crime prevention, access control, and emergency response within their assigned area.

Security guards in Alberta are permitted to perform a citizen’s arrest only when they directly witness someone committing a crime. In such cases, they must immediately turn the individual over to police.

Despite legal limitations, security guards are often the first responders in an incident and are critical in stabilizing situations, gathering information, and cooperating with law enforcement.

Security Guards and Public Safety in Alberta

Security guards contribute significantly to crime deterrence and public safety in Alberta. Their consistent presence helps reduce theft, vandalism, and trespassing—especially in high-risk areas like retail stores, construction sites, and corporate environments.

In emergencies, trained guards are often the first to assess the situation, secure the area, and assist emergency personnel. Their familiarity with the site’s layout and protocols enables efficient and coordinated responses.

Security guards also play an important role in post-incident activities such as securing the scene, providing surveillance footage, and acting as witnesses in legal proceedings. Their documentation and professionalism are essential to supporting investigations and legal outcomes.

How to Get a Security Guard License in Alberta

To begin your career as a licensed security guard in Alberta, follow these essential steps:

  1. Complete Security Guard Training
    Enroll in a government-approved security guard training program, often referred to as the Alberta Basic Security Training (ABST) course. This 40-hour course covers key topics including legal authorities, emergency response, patrol procedures, and communication skills.
  2. Pass the Provincial Exam
    Once training is complete, you must pass a multiple-choice provincial exam that tests your knowledge of the course material and readiness for the role.
  3. Meet the Eligibility Criteria
    To apply for a security guard license in Alberta, you must:
    • Be at least 18 years old
    • Be legally entitled to work in Canada
    • Have no serious criminal convictions
    • Submit fingerprints for a background check
  4. Apply for Your Security Guard License
    Submit your application through the Alberta.ca website or via an authorized registry agent. Your security guard license is valid for two years and must be renewed in accordance with provincial regulations.

Start Your Career in Alberta’s Growing Security Industry

With Alberta’s increasing demand for private security services, there has never been a better time to pursue a career in this field. By completing the required security guard training and obtaining your security guard license, you’ll gain access to a rewarding profession with opportunities for growth, stability, and service.

Whether you’re starting out or switching careers, a future in private security is within reach. Enroll in a certified security guard training course today and take the first step toward a secure and respected career path in Alberta.

Top 5 Training Exercises to Boost Your Loss Prevention Skills as a Security Guard

by AGT Staff 0 Comments
Top 5 Training Exercises to Boost Your Loss Prevention Skills as a Security Guard

Introduction
In today’s competitive retail landscape, effective loss prevention can make or break a business. Alberta Security guards play a vital role in reducing theft and enhancing store safety—but not all security guards are equally effective. What separates the best loss prevention officers (LPOs) from the rest? Superior observational skills and situational awareness.

Whether you’re new to the field or a seasoned professional, the right exercises can sharpen your instincts and make you an invaluable asset on any retail floor.

1. People-Watching in Public: Building Observational Muscle

Why it’s essential: Identifying suspicious behavior without drawing attention to yourself is a crucial skill in retail security.

  • Where to train: Malls, transit hubs, or busy parks.
  • How to do it: Watch people for 10–15 minutes. Note their body language, eye movements, and interactions.
  • Goal: Distinguish between normal behavior and potential red flags like shoplifting cues.

Pro tip: This mirrors the in-store environment where your job is to spot suspicious activity while remaining discreet.

2. Spot the Difference: Enhance Your Attention to Detail

Why it’s crucial: Noticing changes in the retail environment—like moved merchandise or removed price tags—can be the first sign of theft.

  • Where to train: Any familiar room or controlled setting.
  • Exercise: Observe the room, step away, have someone make changes, and return to identify them.
  • Goal: Sharpen your ability to detect minor yet meaningful alterations.

Pro tip: Start with obvious changes, then work toward the subtle—just like identifying theft in progress.

3. Situational Walkthroughs: Know Your Environment

Why it matters: A skilled LPO understands their surroundings thoroughly—from escape routes to blind spots.

  • Where to do it: Retail stores, shopping malls, or public areas.
  • Exercise: Conduct a “patrol” with a security mindset. Note entry/exit points, camera angles, and hidden corners.
  • Goal: Develop situational awareness to anticipate where theft may occur.

Loss Prevention Insight: Knowing your layout gives you the upper hand in preventing incidents before they happen.

4. Learn by Watching Pros on Duty

Why it works: Observing experienced loss prevention security guards in action is one of the fastest ways to learn.

  • Where: Grocery stores, department stores, or retailers with visible security staff.
  • Exercise: Watch how guards move, where they stand, and how they interact (without interfering).
  • Goal: Gain real-world perspective and refine your own approach.

Security Tip: Use what you observe to enhance your strategy.

5. Object Tracking: Improve Focus in Busy Environments

Why it’s vital: Following a suspect and the item they conceal is key to making a lawful apprehension.

  • Where: Transit stations, supermarkets, or crowded malls.
  • Exercise: Choose an item and mentally track its movement—note who touches it, where it moves, and any changes.
  • Goal: Build the ability to focus amid distractions.

Security Tip: This skill can make the difference between catching a thief or losing sight of vital evidence.

Final Thoughts
Loss prevention relies heavily on observation, detail orientation, and strategic thinking. These practical exercises will not only enhance your awareness but also prepare you for real-world scenarios that security guards face daily.

Take Your Training to the Next Level

Want more advanced tips and techniques? Join our certified loss prevention training course today and become the expert every retailer needs.

Conflict De-Escalation Techniques for Security Guards Using the Refusal Approach

by AGT Staff 0 Comments
Conflict De-Escalation Techniques for Security Guards Using the Refusal Approach

Conflict de-escalation is a vital skill for every security guard, especially when dealing with uncooperative individuals. Whether facing trespassers, intoxicated patrons, or aggressive behavior, security professionals must use proven conflict resolution methods to maintain safety and order. One powerful method is the Refusal Approach—a structured, step-by-step communication tactic designed to gain compliance while minimizing confrontation.

What is the Refusal Approach?

The Refusal Approach is a conflict de-escalation tool that allows security guards to encourage cooperation without immediately resorting to force. It supports clear communication, minimizes risk, and ensures that the guard remains in control of the situation.

Steps for Effective Conflict Resolution:

  1. Repeat the Request Firmly
    Reinforce your expectations clearly. Example: “I need you to step away from this area now.”
  2. Explain the Reason
    People are more likely to comply when they understand the purpose.
    Example: “This area is off-limits for safety and legal reasons.”
  3. Emphasize the Benefits of Compliance
    Show how their cooperation helps everyone.
    Example: “By moving, you’re helping to keep the environment safe for all.”
  4. Outline Consequences
    Be firm, legal, and prepared to follow through.
    Example: “If you don’t leave, we’ll need to remove you and involve police if necessary.”
  5. Confirm the Decision
    Give them the final opportunity to choose.
    Example: “Would you like to leave now, or do I need to take further steps?”
  6. Take Appropriate Action
    Follow through calmly and professionally.

Conclusion

Security guards play a crucial role in conflict resolution. Using structured communication techniques like the Refusal Approach helps avoid physical confrontations and leads to safer, more effective conflict de-escalation outcomes.

Calgary Co-Op Arrest: What Security Guards Can Learn About Use of Force and Public Perception

by AGT Staff 0 Comments
Calgary Co-Op Arrest: What Security Guards Can Learn About Use of Force and Public Perception

A recent security incident at the Brentwood Calgary Co-Op has gone viral, sparking renewed debate about use of force, the legal authority of security guards in Canada, and the growing role public perception plays in shaping industry policies. The event, which took place around February 28, 2025, involved a security guard detaining an alleged shoplifter in what witnesses described as an “aggressive” takedown—one bystander even compared it to a WWE match.

As the video circulated online, the discussion quickly shifted from legality to optics. While no charges have been laid, the situation underscores the complex balance between law enforcement by private security and maintaining the public’s trust.

In this post, we break down key lessons from the Calgary Co-Op incident for security guards and loss prevention professionals, including legal guidelines, best practices, and the critical impact of public perception in today’s social media-driven world.

Understanding Citizen’s Arrest in Canada

Under Section 494 of the Criminal Code of Canada, private citizens—including security guards—can make a citizen’s arrest if:

  • They witness someone committing a criminal offence.
  • They are the property owner or authorized to act on behalf of the property owner and witness a crime on or related to that property.
  • The arrest happens at the time of the offence or shortly after, and waiting for a peace officer is impractical.
  • The person detained must be handed over to law enforcement promptly.

For loss prevention officers, this means the arrest must be based on direct observation. If a guard did not witness the theft from start to finish, the arrest could be considered unlawful, risking charges like assault or forcible confinement.

Use of Force: What the Law Says

Security guards are legally private citizens. Their authority to use force comes from Section 25 of the Criminal Code, which allows individuals acting under lawful authority to use reasonable force when necessary.

Key factors to consider:

  • Proportionality: The amount of force must match the threat or resistance.
  • Necessity: Force should only be used when other options, like verbal commands, have failed.
  • Reasonable judgement: Excessive or unnecessary force can result in criminal charges, lawsuits, and job loss.

Examples of appropriate force:

  • Cooperative subject? Use verbal commands and non-threatening body language.
  • Resisting or fleeing suspect? Reasonable physical restraint may be justified.
  • Active threat? Handcuffs may be used, but only with clear justification and proper technique.

In the Calgary Co-Op case, public backlash was less about the legality and more about optics—how the force looked to bystanders. This is a growing reality in the security industry: perception often outweighs legal nuance.

The Role of Loss Prevention Professionals (LPPs)

LPPs are on the front lines of retail security. Their core responsibilities include:

  • Monitoring and preventing theft.
  • Gathering evidence through surveillance.
  • Detaining suspects within the scope of their legal authority.
  • Ensuring safety for staff, customers, and themselves.

Best practices for loss prevention:

  • Follow the six-step method: Observe, Approach, Selection, Concealment, Continuous Observation, and Exit.
  • Start with communication: Always attempt voluntary compliance first.
  • Use non-threatening posture to de-escalate potential confrontations.
  • Document everything: Detailed notes and incident reports protect you during reviews and investigations.

The Calgary incident shows how one video can turn a routine arrest into a viral controversy, affecting both the security company and the retailer’s reputation.

Legal, Physical, and Reputational Risks for Security Guards

Security work comes with serious risks, especially when making arrests:

Legal Risks:

  • Criminal charges from alleged unlawful arrests or excessive force.
  • Civil lawsuits for injuries or emotional distress.

Safety Risks:

  • Injury during altercations.
  • Weapons or violent retaliation from suspects.
  • Off-duty retaliation.

Reputational Risks:

  • Viral videos leading to media scrutiny.
  • Loss of employment—even when actions were lawful.
  • Long-term damage to career prospects in the industry.

Security guards must balance enforcement with legal compliance, personal safety, and protecting their employer’s brand image.

Why Public Perception Matters More Than Ever

The Calgary Co-Op arrest serves as a powerful example of how public opinion can override legal context:

  • Media reports focused on the witnesses’ emotional reactions, not legal analysis.
  • Viral footage shapes the narrative more than police statements or internal policies.
  • Even if legal, forceful actions that “look bad” can lead to firing, protests, or damaged reputations.

How public opinion shapes security practices:

  • Some retailers prohibit force altogether.
  • Companies may terminate guards to avoid backlash—even when justified.
  • Guards who appear “too aggressive” may struggle to find future employment.

Key Takeaways for Security Guards and LPPs

  1. Assume you’re always being recorded.
  2. Know the law and follow it to the letter.
  3. Use communication and de-escalation before physical force.
  4. Maintain professionalism—both in action and appearance.
  5. Understand that optics matter. A lawful arrest can still cost your job if it looks bad.

Final Thoughts

The Calgary Co-Op incident, while still under review, offers valuable lessons for the security industry. It highlights the need for clear legal understanding, communication skills, and awareness of how public perception can define a security guard’s career.

If you’re in security or loss prevention, investing in your training is the best way to protect yourself—and your future. We offer self-paced, affordable online courses in Loss Prevention, Use of Force, and De-Escalation Techniques designed to keep you compliant, safe, and respected in your role.

Interested in professional training for security guards?
Check out our online training programs to enhance your skills and reduce your risk on the job.

How to Get a Criminal Record and Judicial Matters Check (CRJMC) for a Security Guard or Private Investigator License in Ontario

by AGT Staff 0 Comments
How to Get a Criminal Record and Judicial Matters Check (CRJMC) for a Security Guard or Private Investigator License in Ontario

Are you applying for a Security Guard or Private Investigator license in Ontario? If so, one of the most important steps in the process is obtaining a Criminal Record and Judicial Matters Check (CRJMC). This enhanced criminal record check is a mandatory requirement under Ontario’s Private Security and Investigative Services Act, 2005 (PSISA).

At SecurityGuardCourse.ca, we make it faster and easier to get your CRJMC—fully online and often with same-day results.

Why You Need a Criminal Record Check for a Security License

Security Guards and Private Investigators play vital roles in public safety and crime prevention. These professions require trust, integrity, and a clean criminal history. That’s why the Ministry of the Solicitor General mandates a CRJMC as part of the licensing process in Ontario.

Whether you’re applying for a Security Guard license or a Private Investigator license, you must submit a valid Criminal Record and Judicial Matters Check.

What is a CRJMC?

A Criminal Record and Judicial Matters Check (CRJMC) is a Level 2 background screening that provides:

  • Adult criminal convictions (without a pardon)
  • Findings of guilt under the Youth Criminal Justice Act
  • Absolute or conditional discharges
  • Outstanding charges, arrest warrants, and select court orders

Requirements for a Valid CRJMC:

  • Issued within the past 6 months
  • Conducted by a recognized police agency (municipal, OPP, or First Nations), or an authorized third-party provider like SecurityGuardCourse.ca

Get Your CRJMC Online—Fast and Hassle-Free

At SecurityGuardCourse.ca, we provide a streamlined and fully digital process to help you get your CRJMC quickly and securely.

✅ Fast Turnaround Times

Receive your Criminal Record Check results in as little as a few hours—no more waiting weeks for police processing.

✅ Easy Online Process

No police station visits required. Simply submit your information and payment online, and get your CRJMC results delivered directly to your email inbox.

✅ CRJMC Packages for Individuals and Employers

We offer solutions tailored to both individual applicants and employers:

For Individuals:

  • Ideal for those applying for a Security Guard or PI license in Ontario.

For Businesses:

  • Flexible packages designed for onboarding new hires across industries.

Business Criminal Record Check Packages

Hiring for trusted positions? Choose from our tiered background check packages based on your organization’s needs:

🔹 Criminal Check (Under 24 Hours)

  • Criminal Record Check (Canada)
  • SIN Verification

🔹 Diligent Driver Check (Under 24 Hours)

  • Criminal Record Check
  • Driver’s Abstract
    Perfect for delivery drivers or mobile security roles.

🔹 Tech Check (Under 72 Hours)

  • Criminal Record Check
  • Social Media Screening
  • SIN Verification
  • Two Employment Verifications
    Ideal for IT and digital security positions.

🔹 Essential Check (Under 72 Hours)

  • Criminal Record Check
  • Credit Inquiry
  • SIN and Employment Verifications
    Best for finance, retail management, or sensitive roles.

🔹 Extensive Check (Under 72 Hours)

  • Criminal Record Check
  • Full verification: SIN, Credit, Education, Employment, Address
  • Investigative Reference Interviews
    Recommended for executive and senior-level roles.

Your One-Stop Platform for Security Licensing

In addition to Criminal Record Checks, SecurityGuardCourse.ca also offers:

From training to background checks, we help you get job-ready faster and with less hassle.

Start Your Security Career Today

Becoming a licensed Security Guard or Private Investigator in Ontario starts with the right background screening. With SecurityGuardCourse.ca, you can:

  • Complete your CRJMC online
  • Get results fast
  • Move one step closer to your new career

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How to Minimize Legal Risks in Security Guard Work Through Conflict Management & De-Escalation

by AGT Staff
How to Minimize Legal Risks in Security Guard Work Through Conflict Management & De-Escalation

Security guards in Canada play a critical role in maintaining public safety—but their actions can also carry serious legal consequences if not managed properly. Effective conflict management and a solid understanding of Canadian laws are key to avoiding criminal charges, civil lawsuits, and human rights complaints.

In this guide, we break down the essential legal considerations every security professional must understand, and how AI-enhanced training and proactive policies can help reduce liability risks.

🔐 Why Legal Awareness Matters in Security Guard Work

Security professionals frequently face high-pressure situations where they must make split-second decisions. Without a strong grasp of the law and conflict de-escalation strategies, those decisions can lead to:

  • Criminal charges (e.g., assault, unlawful detention)
  • Civil lawsuits (e.g., negligence, defamation)
  • Human rights complaints (e.g., discrimination, privacy violations)

Let’s explore how security guards can legally and effectively respond to conflict situations across these three categories.

⚖️ Criminal Liability for Security Guards in Canada

Security guards must follow the Criminal Code of Canada, particularly when using force or detaining individuals.

Key Legal Considerations:

  • Use of Force
    Under Section 25, guards may use reasonable force in specific circumstances. However, Section 26 warns that excessive or unjustified force can lead to criminal liability.
  • Citizen’s Arrest Laws
    Section 494 permits security guards to make a citizen’s arrest, but only under very specific conditions. Failing to meet those criteria could result in unlawful detention or forcible confinement charges under Section 279.
  • Provincial Compliance
    Guards must also adhere to provincial security acts, municipal bylaws, and offences acts, depending on the jurisdiction.

Real-World Examples:

  • Excessive Force: Striking a non-threatening shoplifter with a baton = possible assault charge.
  • Unlawful Detention: Detaining someone without observing a crime = forcible confinement.

⚖️ Civil Liability: How Negligence Can Lead to Lawsuits

Even if a security guard avoids criminal charges, they can still be sued in civil court for causing harm.

Top Civil Risk Areas:

  • Negligence
    Failing to act during a known threat (e.g., ignoring a break-in) could result in property loss claims.
  • Breach of Duty
    Leaving a security post or not following protocol could open the door to a civil lawsuit.
  • Defamation
    Making public accusations without evidence may lead to a defamation suit.

Real-World Examples:

  • Negligence: Ignoring suspicious behavior results in theft = property damage claim.
  • Breach of Duty: Leaving surveillance unattended = organizational liability.

🧑‍⚖️ Human Rights Compliance for Canadian Security Guards

Security professionals must comply with the Canadian Human Rights Act and related provincial codes to avoid discrimination and privacy violations.

Critical Human Rights Areas:

  • Privacy Protection
    Avoid invasive searches or unauthorized surveillance (e.g., cameras in changing areas).
  • Freedom from Discrimination
    Equal treatment regardless of race, gender, disability, or other protected statuses.
  • Respect and Dignity
    De-escalation should be non-threatening and non-humiliating at all times.

Real-World Examples:

  • Privacy Violation: Installing unauthorized cameras in sensitive areas.
  • Discrimination: Racial profiling during security checks.

🛡️ The Role of Company Policies & AI-Powered Training

Strong organizational policies and modern security guard training programs are essential for legal compliance. Many leading firms are now incorporating AI-powered tools for risk assessment, behavior tracking, and conflict resolution simulations.

Best Practices for Organizations:

  • Training & Education
    Ongoing training in legal standards and de-escalation techniques is critical—especially using scenario-based AI modules.
  • Accurate Incident Reporting
    Documenting every incident thoroughly can protect both guard and employer from future claims.
  • Regular Policy Audits
    Stay updated with legal changes and industry best practices through scheduled reviews.

Example Initiatives:

  • AI-Powered Simulations: Guards undergo real-life conflict scenarios for better decision-making.
  • Legal Documentation Tools: Incident logs generated and analyzed by AI for consistency and legal accuracy.

✅ Final Takeaways: How to Stay Legally Safe in Security Work

To protect themselves from legal risks, security guards in Canada must:

  • Understand and apply federal and provincial laws.
  • Master de-escalation techniques to avoid unnecessary force.
  • Follow organizational policies for training and incident documentation.
  • Respect human rights and individual privacy at all times.

Professional security training is no longer optional—it’s essential. Modern tools and certifications can help you manage conflict, reduce legal exposure, and build a safer working environment.

📘 Recommended Security Training & Certification

For industry-leading courses in conflict management, use-of-force laws, and online training courses, visit SecurityGuardCourse.ca.

Conflict Psychology: Understanding Triggers and Managing Aggression in the Workplace

by AGT Staff 0 Comments
Conflict Psychology: Understanding Triggers and Managing Aggression in the Workplace

Conflict is an inevitable part of any workplace, especially in high-pressure environments like security, healthcare, and customer service. Effectively managing conflict requires a deep understanding of aggression, psychological triggers, and de-escalation techniques. In this guide, we’ll explore the different types of aggression, common triggers, and actionable strategies to prevent and resolve workplace conflicts professionally.

What is Aggression?

Aggression is any behavior intended to harm, intimidate, or control another person. In professional settings, aggression can take multiple forms, each requiring different management approaches. Identifying and understanding these types of aggression is the first step in conflict resolution.

Types of Aggression

Aggression generally falls into two main categories: hostile aggression and instrumental aggression.

1. Hostile Aggression

Hostile aggression is impulsive and emotionally driven. It occurs when an individual feels threatened, frustrated, or angry.

Example: An Alberta security guard denies entry to an intoxicated patron, who then reacts aggressively by shouting and causing a disturbance.

How to Manage Hostile Aggression:

  • Use De-Escalation Techniques: Maintain a calm, non-threatening tone and body language.
  • Remove Triggers: If possible, separate the individual from the source of their frustration.
  • Practice Active Listening: Acknowledge their emotions and allow them to express their perspective.

2. Instrumental Aggression

Instrumental aggression is calculated and goal-oriented, often used as a means to manipulate or control a situation.

Example: A driver denied access to a parking garage subtly reveals a weapon to intimidate the security guard into compliance.

How to Manage Instrumental Aggression:

  • Maintain Composure: Stay calm and collected to prevent escalation.
  • Seek Assistance: Contact backup or law enforcement if the situation becomes dangerous.
  • Set Clear Boundaries: Communicate the consequences of continued aggressive behavior.

Forms of Aggression

Aggression can manifest in different ways, including physical, verbal, and relational aggression.

1. Physical Aggression

Physical aggression involves actions intended to cause harm, such as hitting, pushing, or kicking.

Example: A hospital security guard is physically pushed by a patient attempting to leave the emergency department.

How to Manage Physical Aggression:

  • Use Restraint Techniques: Follow protocol when applying physical restraint.
  • Prioritize Safety: Request additional support if necessary.
  • Intervene Proactively: Act swiftly to prevent harm.

2. Verbal Aggression

Verbal aggression includes insults, threats, and derogatory remarks meant to intimidate or demean.

Example: A nightclub security guard denies entry to an intoxicated guest who then begins shouting insults.

How to Manage Verbal Aggression:

  • Stay Professional: Avoid engaging in arguments.
  • Redirect Focus: Keep the conversation centered on policies and procedures.
  • Document Incidents: Keep records of aggressive interactions for accountability.

3. Relational Aggression

Relational aggression seeks to damage a person’s reputation or relationships through gossip, exclusion, or misinformation.

Example: A new security officer notices that colleagues frequently exclude one team member and spread negative rumors about them.

How to Manage Relational Aggression:

  • Support the Targeted Individual: Offer encouragement and direct them to workplace resources.
  • Monitor Workplace Dynamics: Be aware of social interactions to prevent escalation.
  • Foster Inclusivity: Promote a culture of respect and discourage workplace gossip.

Understanding Psychological Triggers

Triggers are psychological stimuli that provoke emotional responses, often subconsciously. Identifying and managing these triggers can prevent unnecessary conflicts.

Common Triggers in Professional Settings:

  • Personal Criticism: Feedback perceived as a personal attack can provoke defensiveness.
  • Social Anxiety: Situations involving large crowds or public speaking can cause distress.
  • Sensory Stimuli: Loud noises, strong odors, or past trauma-related cues may evoke strong emotional reactions.

Key Characteristics of Triggers:

  • Automatic emotional reactions
  • Rooted in past experiences or trauma
  • May cause anger, fear, or anxiety
  • Can activate the body’s fight-or-flight response

Strategies for Managing Triggers and De-Escalation

Self-Management Techniques

Security professionals and individuals in high-stress environments must learn to control their reactions to triggers.

  • Take Responsibility: Recognize that personal reactions can be controlled.
  • Identify Emotional Responses: Pay attention to physical signs of distress, like muscle tension or increased heart rate.
  • Determine the Cause: Reflect on what triggered the emotional response.
  • Choose a Constructive Response: Respond professionally to maintain control of the situation.

Preventing Triggers in Others

Mindful communication can prevent unnecessary conflict escalation.

  • Practice Active Listening: Use a calm and non-threatening tone.
  • Recognize Signs of Agitation: Adapt communication to avoid escalating tension.
  • Regulate Your Own Emotions: Use deep breathing and mindfulness techniques.
  • Show Empathy: Acknowledge the other person’s perspective to facilitate resolution.

Conclusion: Mastering Conflict Resolution for a Safer Workplace

Understanding aggression, recognizing triggers, and implementing effective de-escalation strategies are critical skills for security professionals and those in high-stress industries. By applying these techniques, workplaces can foster a safer and more professional environment.

Enhance Your Conflict Resolution Skills

Invest in your professional growth with our Conflict Management and De-Escalation Course—designed specifically for private security professionals in Alberta. Gain practical skills to handle aggression effectively and contribute to a more secure workplace. Sign up today and take control of workplace conflicts with confidence!